Nuclear export dynamics of rna–protein complexes

ABSTRACT The central dogma of molecular biology — DNA makes RNA makes proteins — is a flow of information that in eukaryotes encounters a physical barrier: the nuclear envelope, which

encapsulates, organizes and protects the genome. Nuclear-pore complexes, embedded in the nuclear envelope, regulate the passage of molecules to and from the nucleus, including the poorly

understood process of the export of RNAs from the nucleus. Recent imaging approaches focusing on single molecules have provided unexpected insight into this crucial step in the information

flow. This review addresses the latest studies of RNA export and presents some models for how this complex process may work. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a

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IMPORT AND EXPORT PATHS UNVEILED BY TWO-COLOUR MINFLUX Article Open access 19 March 2025 SUPER-RESOLVED 3D TRACKING OF CARGO TRANSPORT THROUGH NUCLEAR PORE COMPLEXES Article 10 January 2022

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Virol._ 20, 214–230 (2010). CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  Download references ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We apologize to those colleagues whose work, through space considerations, could not be

discussed or cited in this review. This work has been supported by funds from the Kavli Foundation to D.G., National Institutes of Health grants GM86217 and GM84364 to R.H.S., and GM062427,

RR022220 and GM071329 to M.R. We thank A. Joseph for critically reading the manuscript. AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of

Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Kavli Institute of NanoScience, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands., David Grünwald * Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Gruss Lipper

Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, 10461, New York, USA Robert H. Singer * The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, 10065, New York, USA Michael

Rout Authors * David Grünwald View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Robert H. Singer View author publications You can also search for this

author inPubMed Google Scholar * Michael Rout View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Robert H. Singer.

ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Reprints and permissions information is available at

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RNA–protein complexes. _Nature_ 475, 333–341 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10318 Download citation * Published: 20 July 2011 * Issue Date: 21 July 2011 * DOI:

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