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In 2016, KEYNOTE-024 established the superior efficacy of first-line pembrolizumab over chemotherapy for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a programmed cell death 1 ligand 1
(PD-L1) tumour proportion score (TPS) ≥50%. Now, overall survival (OS) data from the second interim analysis of KEYNOTE-042, which investigated the efficacy of pembrolizumab in patients
with a lower PD-L1 TPS, have been reported.
The phase III trial enrolled 1,274 patients with previously untreated, PD-L1-positive (TPS ≥1%), locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC without a sensitizing EGFR or ALK alteration. Patients
were randomized 1:1 to receive pembrolizumab or platinum-based chemotherapy. The primary end point was OS across three predefined subgroups (TPS ≥50%, ≥20% and ≥1%).
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