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Radiation therapy can enhance the systemic antitumour responses (abscopal responses) induced by anti-CTLA4 antibodies, as shown by preclinical studies. However, it was unclear how effective
these induced systemic responses are against tumours unresponsive to CTLA4 blockade alone. Now, Formenti, Demaria and colleagues report in Nature Medicine that a combination of radiotherapy
and CTLA4 blockade induced systemic antitumour T cells in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who did not respond to CTLA4 blockade alone, possibly through radiotherapy-induced
upregulation of a protein recognized by expanded T cell clones. The findings highlight a role for the anti-CTLA4 antibody ipilimumab when combined with radiotherapy in treating metastatic
NSCLC.
At day 88, two patients had a complete response, five had a partial response and five had stable disease — objective responses were seen in 18% of enrolled or 33% of evaluable patients and
disease control was seen in 31% of enrolled patients.
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