Aharonov–bohm effect in graphene-based fabry–pérot quantum hall interferometers

ABSTRACT Interferometers probe the wave-nature and exchange statistics of indistinguishable particles—for example, electrons in the chiral one-dimensional edge channels of the quantum Hall

effect (QHE). Quantum point contacts can split and recombine these channels, enabling interference of charged particles. Such quantum Hall interferometers (QHIs) can unveil the exchange

statistics of anyonic quasi-particles in the fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE). Here, we present a fabrication technique for QHIs in van der Waals (vdW) materials and realize a tunable,

graphene-based Fabry–Pérot (FP) QHI. The graphite-encapsulated architecture allows observation of FQHE at a magnetic field of 3T and precise partitioning of integer and fractional edge

modes. We measure pure Aharonov–Bohm interference in the integer QHE, a major technical challenge in small FP interferometers, and find that edge modes exhibit high-visibility interference

due to large velocities. Our results establish vdW heterostructures as a versatile alternative to GaAs-based interferometers for future experiments targeting anyonic quasi-particles. Access

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A TUNABLE FABRY–PÉROT QUANTUM HALL INTERFEROMETER IN GRAPHENE Article 25 February 2021 STRONGLY COUPLED EDGE STATES IN A GRAPHENE QUANTUM HALL INTERFEROMETER Article Open access 02 August

2024 EVIDENCE FOR CORRELATED ELECTRON PAIRS AND TRIPLETS IN QUANTUM HALL INTERFEROMETERS Article Open access 20 November 2024 DATA AVAILABILITY The data that support the findings of this

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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4430703 (2021). Download references ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank B. I. Halperin, M. Heiblum, E. Zeldov, H. Shapourian and D. S. Wei for helpful discussions. P.K.,

Y.R., T.W. and L.E.A. acknowledge support from DOE (no. DE-SC0012260) in regard to measurement, characterization and analysis. P.K., D.H.N., and Y.J.S. acknowledge support from DOE (no.

DE-SC0019300) for sample preparation and characterization. K.W. and T.T. acknowledge support from the Elemental Strategy Initiative conducted by the MEXT, Japan, (grant no. JPMXP0112101001),

JSPS KAKENHI (grant no. JP20H00354) and CREST (no. JPMJCR15F3, JST). S.Y.L. and Y.H.L. acknowledge support from the Institute for Basic Science (no. IBS-R011-D1). T.W. and A.T.P. were

supported by the Department of Defense through the National Defense Science & Engineering Graduate Fellowship Program. Nanofabrication was performed at the Center for Nanoscale Systems

at Harvard, supported in part by an NSF NNIN award (no. ECS-00335765). This research used resources of the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, which is a US DOE Office of Science Facility,

at Brookhaven National Laboratory under contract no. DE-SC0012704. AUTHOR INFORMATION Author notes * These authors contributed equally: Yuval Ronen, Thomas Werkmeister. AUTHORS AND

AFFILIATIONS * Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA Yuval Ronen, Danial Haie Najafabadi, Andrew T. Pierce, Laurel E. Anderson, Bobae Johnson, Amir Yacoby & 

Philip Kim * John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA Thomas Werkmeister, Amir Yacoby & Philip Kim * Center for Functional

Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA Young Jae Shin * Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea Si Young Lee

 & Young Hee Lee * Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan Kenji Watanabe * International Center for Materials

Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan Takashi Taniguchi Authors * Yuval Ronen View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed 

Google Scholar * Thomas Werkmeister View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Danial Haie Najafabadi View author publications You can also search

for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Andrew T. Pierce View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Laurel E. Anderson View author publications

You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Young Jae Shin View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Si Young Lee View author

publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Young Hee Lee View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Bobae Johnson

View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Kenji Watanabe View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar *

Takashi Taniguchi View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Amir Yacoby View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed 

Google Scholar * Philip Kim View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CONTRIBUTIONS Y.R., T.W. and P.K. conceived the idea and designed the

project. P.K. supervised the project. Y.R., T.W. and D.H.N. fabricated the devices. L.E.A., Y.J.S., B.J., S.Y.L., Y.H.L. and A.Y. helped and consulted at different stages of the fabrication

process and analysis. K.W. and T.T. provided the hBN crystals. Y.R., T.W. and A.T.P. performed the measurements. Y.R., T.W., A.Y. and P.K. wrote the paper with input from all authors.

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Philip Kim. ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing interests. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PEER REVIEW INFORMATION _Nature

Nanotechnology_ thanks Gwendal Fève and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. PUBLISHER’S NOTE Springer Nature remains neutral with regard

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DATA FIG. 2 Contains bare data for images. SOURCE DATA FIG. 3 Contains bare data for images. SOURCE DATA FIG. 4 Contains bare data for images. SOURCE DATA FIG. 5 Contains bare data for

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_et al._ Aharonov–Bohm effect in graphene-based Fabry–Pérot quantum Hall interferometers. _Nat. Nanotechnol._ 16, 563–569 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-00861-z Download

citation * Received: 27 August 2020 * Accepted: 22 January 2021 * Published: 25 February 2021 * Issue Date: May 2021 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-021-00861-z SHARE THIS ARTICLE

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