
- Select a language for the TTS:
- UK English Female
- UK English Male
- US English Female
- US English Male
- Australian Female
- Australian Male
- Language selected: (auto detect) - EN
Play all audios:
ABSTRACT Low-dimensional perovskites have—in view of their high radiative recombination rates—shown great promise in achieving high luminescence brightness and colour saturation. Here we
investigate the effect of electron–phonon interactions on the luminescence of single crystals of two-dimensional perovskites, showing that reducing these interactions can lead to bright blue
emission in two-dimensional perovskites. Resonance Raman spectra and deformation potential analysis show that strong electron–phonon interactions result in fast non-radiative decay, and
that this lowers the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Neutron scattering, solid-state NMR measurements of spin–lattice relaxation, density functional theory simulations and
experimental atomic displacement measurements reveal that molecular motion is slowest, and rigidity greatest, in the brightest emitter. By varying the molecular configuration of the ligands,
we show that a PLQY up to 79% and linewidth of 20 nm can be reached by controlling crystal rigidity and electron–phonon interactions. Designing crystal structures with electron–phonon
interactions in mind offers a previously underexplored avenue to improve optoelectronic materials' performance. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of
subscription content, access via your institution ACCESS OPTIONS Access through your institution Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals Get Nature+, our best-value
online-access subscription $29.99 / 30 days cancel any time Learn more Subscribe to this journal Receive 12 print issues and online access $259.00 per year only $21.58 per issue Learn more
Buy this article * Purchase on SpringerLink * Instant access to full article PDF Buy now Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout ADDITIONAL ACCESS OPTIONS:
* Log in * Learn about institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS EXCITON POLARON FORMATION AND HOT-CARRIER RELAXATION IN
RIGID DION–JACOBSON-TYPE TWO-DIMENSIONAL PEROVSKITES Article 16 May 2024 SUPPRESSING PHASE DISPROPORTIONATION IN QUASI-2D PEROVSKITE LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES Article Open access 25 January 2023
LIGAND SIZE EFFECTS IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL HYBRID COPPER HALIDE PEROVSKITES CRYSTALS Article Open access 01 July 2021 REFERENCES * Forrest, S. R. et al. Highly efficient phosphorescent emission
from organic electroluminescent devices. _Nature_ 395, 151–154 (1998). Article Google Scholar * Yang, X., Xu, X. & Zhou, G. Recent advances of the emitters for high performance
deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes. _J. Mater. Chem. C. Mater. Opt. Electron. Devices_ 3, 913–944 (2015). Article Google Scholar * Ponce, F. A. & Bour, D. P. Nitride-based
semiconductors for blue and green light-emitting devices. _Nature_ 386, 351–359 (1997). Article Google Scholar * Nakamura, S., Pearton, S. & Fasol, G. _The Blue Laser Diode_ 1–5
(Springer, Berlin, 2000). * Nanishi, Y. Nobel Prize in Physics: the birth of the blue LED. _Nat. Photon._ 8, 884–886 (2014). Article Google Scholar * Shirasaki, Y., Supran, G. J., Bawendi,
M. G. & Bulović, V. Emergence of colloidal quantum-dot light-emitting technologies. _Nat. Photon._ 7, 933–933 (2013). Article Google Scholar * Gong, X. et al. Highly efficient quantum
dot near-infrared light-emitting diodes. _Nat. Photon._ 10, 253–257 (2016). Article Google Scholar * Reshchikov, M. A. & Korotkov, R. Y. Analysis of the temperature and excitation
intensity dependencies of photoluminescence in undoped GaN films. _Phys. Rev. B_ 64, 115205 (2001). Article Google Scholar * Viswanath, A. K., Lee, J. I., Kim, D., Lee, C. R. & Leem,
J. Y. Exciton–phonon interactions, exciton binding energy, and their importance in the realization of room-temperature semiconductor lasers based on GaN. _Phys. Rev. B_ 58, 16333–16339
(1998). Article Google Scholar * ReshchikovM. A. & KorotkovR. Y. Analysis of the temperature and excitation intensity dependencies of photoluminescence in undoped GaN films. _Phys.
Rev. B_ 64, 115205 (2001). Article Google Scholar * Hauswald, C. et al. Origin of the nonradiative decay of bound excitons in GaN nanowires. _Phys. Rev. B_ 90, 1–9 (2014). Article Google
Scholar * Shan, W. et al. Binding energy for the intrinsic excitons in wurtzite GaN. _Phys. Rev. B_ 54, 16369–16372 (1996). Article Google Scholar * Chen, J. et al. Crystal structure and
temperature-dependent luminescence characteristics of KMg4(PO4)3:Eu2+ phosphor for white light-emitting diodes. _Sci. Rep._ 5, 9673 (2015). Article Google Scholar * Janulevicius, M. et al.
Luminescence and luminescence quenching of highly efficient Y2Mo4O15:Eu3+ phosphors and ceramics. _Sci. Rep._ 6, 26098 (2016). Article Google Scholar * George, N. C., Denault, K. A. &
Seshadri, R. Phosphors for solid-state white lighting. _Annu. Rev. Mater. Res._ 43, 481–501 (2013). Article Google Scholar * Lee, J. et al. Deep blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting
diodes with very high brightness and efficiency. _Nat. Mater._ 15, 1–8 (2015). Google Scholar * Knupfer, M. Exciton binding energies in organic semiconductors. _Appl. Phys. A_ 77, 623–626
(2003). Article Google Scholar * Christensen, R. L., Drake, R. C. & Phillips, D. Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy of perylene. _J. Phys. Chem._ 90, 5960–5967 (1986). Article
Google Scholar * Stranks, S. D. & Snaith, H. J. Metal-halide perovskites for photovoltaic and light-emitting devices. _Nat. Nanotech._ 10, 391–402 (2015). Article Google Scholar *
Sargent, E. H. et al. Structural, optical, and electronic studies of wide-bandgap lead halide perovskites. _J. Mater. Chem. C._ 3, 8839–8843 (2015). Article Google Scholar * Maculan, G. et
al. CH3NH3PbCl3 single crystals: inverse temperature crystallization and visible-blind UV-photodetector. _J. Phys. Chem. Lett._ 6, 3781–3786 (2015). Article Google Scholar * Li, J., Gan,
L., Fang, Z., He, H. & Ye, Z. Bright tail states in blue-emitting ultrasmall perovskite quantum dots. _J. Phys. Chem. Lett._ 8, 6002–6008 (2017). Article Google Scholar * Wang, S., Bi,
C., Yuan, J., Zhang, L. & Tian, J. Original core–shell structure of cubic CsPbBr3@amorphous CsPbBr _x_ perovskite quantum dots with a high blue photoluminescence quantum yield of over
80%. _ACS Energy Lett._ 3, 245–251 (2018). Article Google Scholar * Zhitomirsky, D., Voznyy, O., Hoogland, S. & Sargent, E. H. Measuring charge carrier diffusion in coupled colloidal
quantum dot solids. _ACS Nano_ 7, 5282–5290 (2013). Article Google Scholar * Kondo, T. et al. Resonant third-order optical nonlinearity in the layered perovskite-type material
(C6H13NH3)2PbI4. _Solid State Commun._ 105, 503–506 (1998). Article Google Scholar * Saparov, B. & Mitzi, D. B. Organic–inorganic perovskites: structural versatility for functional
materials design. _Chem. Rev._ 116, 4558–4596 (2016). Article Google Scholar * Smith, M. D., Jaffe, A., Dohner, E. R., Lindenberg, A. M. & Karunadasa, H. I. Structural origins of
broadband emission from layered Pb–Br hybrid perovskites. _Chem. Sci._ 8, 4497–4504 (2017). Article Google Scholar * Solis-Ibarra, D., Smith, I. C. & Karunadasa, H. I. Post-synthetic
halide conversion and selective halogen capture in hybrid perovskites. _Chem. Sci._ 6, 4054–4059 (2015). Article Google Scholar * Zhou, C. et al. Highly efficient broadband yellow phosphor
based on zero-dimensional tin mixed-halide perovskite. _ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces_ 9, 44579–44583 (2017). Article Google Scholar * Zhou, C. et al. Luminescent zero-dimensional organic
metal halide hybrids with near-unity quantum efficiency. _Z. Chem. Sci._ 9, 586–593 (2018). Article Google Scholar * Liang, D. et al. Color-pure violet-light-emitting diodes based on
layered lead halide perovskite nanoplates. _ACS Nano_ 10, 6897–6904 (2016). Article Google Scholar * Kawano, N. et al. Effects of organic moieties on luminescence properties of
organic−inorganic layered perovskite-type compounds. _J. Phys. Chem. C_ 118, 9101–9106 (2014). Article Google Scholar * Dou, L. et al. Atomically thin two-dimensional organic–inorganic
hybrid perovskites. _Science_ 349, 1518–1521 (2015). Article Google Scholar * Yuan, Z., Shu, Y., Tian, Y., Xin, Y. & Ma, B. A facile one-pot synthesis of deep blue luminescent lead
bromide perovskite microdisks. _Chem. Commun._ 51, 16385–16388 (2015). Article Google Scholar * Saidaminov, M. I. et al. Planar-integrated single-crystalline perovskite photodetectors.
_Nat. Commun._ 6, 8724 (2015). Article Google Scholar * Müller, P. Practical suggestions for better crystal structures. _Crystallogr. Rev._ 15, 57–83 (2009). Article Google Scholar *
Jeon, N. J. et al. Solvent engineering for high-performance inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite solar cells. _Nat. Mater._ 13, 897–903 (2014). Article Google Scholar * Shi, D. et al. Low
trap-state density and long carrier diffusion in organolead trihalide perovskite single crystals. _Science_ 347, 519–522 (2015). Article Google Scholar * Kitazawa, N. Excitons in
two-dimensional layered perovskite compounds: (C6H5C2H4NH3)2Pb(Br,I)4 and (C6H5C2H4NH3)2Pb(Cl,Br)4. _Mater. Sci. Eng. B_ 49, 233–238 (1997). Article Google Scholar * Franceschetti, A.,
Wei, S.-H. & Zunger, A. Absolute deformation potentials of Al, Si, and NaCl. _Phys. Rev. B_ 50, 17797–17801 (1994). Article Google Scholar * Guo, Z., Wu, X., Zhu, T., Zhu, X. &
Huang, L. Electron–phonon scattering in atomically thin 2D perovskites. _ACS Nano_ 10, 9992–9998 (2016). Article Google Scholar * Zaccai, G. How soft is a protein? A protein dynamics force
constant measured by neutron scattering. _Science_ 288, 1604–7 (2000). Article Google Scholar * de Mello, J. C., Wittmannn, H. F. & Friend, R. H. An improved experimental
determination of external photoluminescence quantum efficiency. _Adv. Mater._ 9, 230 (1997). Article Google Scholar * Spectral Database of Organic Compounds (SDBS). National Institute of
Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. _National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology_ http://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/latest_research/2004/20041118/20041118.html
(2004). * Zheng, K. et al. High excitation intensity opens a new trapping channel in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite nanoparticles. _ACS Energy Lett._ 1, 1154–1161 (2016). Article
Google Scholar * Kawano, N. et al. Effects of organic moieties on luminescence properties of organic–inorganic layered perovskite-type compounds. _J. Phys. Chem. C_ 118, 9101–9106 (2014).
Article Google Scholar Download references ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This publication is based in part on work supported by the Ontario Research Fund Research Excellence Program and by the Natural
Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. A portion of this research used resources at the Spallation Neutron Source, a DOE Office of Science User Facility operated by the
Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The authors thank Dr J. Britten for SCXRD measurements, M. Crawford and L. Quan for discussions and E. Palmiano, R. Wolowiec and D. Kopilovic for their help
during the course of this study. AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Xiwen Gong,
Oleksandr Voznyy, Ankit Jain, Wenjia Liu, Randy Sabatini, Grant Walters, Golam Bappi, Mingjian Yuan, Riccardo Comin & Edward H. Sargent * Department of Chemistry, University of
Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA Zachary Piontkowski & David McCamant * Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Sergiy Nokhrin, Oleksandr Bushuyev & Shana O.
Kelley * Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Shana O. Kelley Authors * Xiwen Gong View author publications You
can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Oleksandr Voznyy View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Ankit Jain View author
publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Wenjia Liu View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Randy Sabatini
View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Zachary Piontkowski View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google
Scholar * Grant Walters View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Golam Bappi View author publications You can also search for this author
inPubMed Google Scholar * Sergiy Nokhrin View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Oleksandr Bushuyev View author publications You can also
search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Mingjian Yuan View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Riccardo Comin View author publications
You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * David McCamant View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Shana O. Kelley View
author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Edward H. Sargent View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar
CONTRIBUTIONS X.G. and E.H.S. designed and directed this study. X.G. led the experimental work. A.J. and O.V. contributed to DFT simulations. X.G. and W.L. carried out the PLQY measurements
and analysis. Z.P., R.S. and D.M. carried out RR spectroscopy and analysis. R.S. carried out TA measurements. S.N. and O.B. carried out NMR measurement. G.W. carried out the neutron
scattering experiments and analysis. M.Y. prepared perovskite precursors. All authors contributed to writing the manuscript. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Edward H. Sargent. ETHICS
DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing interests. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PUBLISHER’S NOTE: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in
published maps and institutional affiliations. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 13 Figures, 5 Tables, 3 references CIF FILES 4 CIF files = 1. C4 cif room temperature, 2.
C4 cif low temperature, 3. PhC2 room temperature, 4. PhC2 low temperature RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Gong, X., Voznyy, O., Jain, A.
_et al._ Electron–phonon interaction in efficient perovskite blue emitters. _Nature Mater_ 17, 550–556 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0081-x Download citation * Received: 01
November 2017 * Accepted: 12 April 2018 * Published: 14 May 2018 * Issue Date: June 2018 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-018-0081-x SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following
link with will be able to read this content: Get shareable link Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by the Springer Nature
SharedIt content-sharing initiative