Body composition from birth to 2 years in term healthy indian infants measured by deuterium dilution: effect of being born small for gestational age and early catch-up growth

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES South Asian body composition is characterized by higher body fat at any given BMI. While this does not occur during fetal growth, it is important to understand if

inappropriate fat accretion then begins in the first 2 years in Indian infants. METHODS The fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) of healthy term newborns was evaluated at 12 days, 3.5

months, 1 year, and 2 years, by deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution. The effect of being born small versus appropriate for gestational age (SGA vs. AGA), and accelerated early growth pattern on

FM and FFM accretion was also investigated. RESULTS Newborns (262 total, 150 males) with mean birth weight of 2863 ± 418 g were enrolled. FM percentage (FM%) assessed by D2O in 144, 166, 81,

and 115 infants at 12 days, 3.5 months, 1 year, and 2 years respectively, was11.6 ± 6.8, 21.1 ± 7.0, 17.9 ± 8.2 and 22.4 ± 9.5%. Boys had higher FFM at all ages, but FM% was similar in both

sexes. Children born SGA had similar FM index (FMI) but a lower FFM index (FFMI) at 2 years compared with those born AGA. Infants with catch-up growth between 0 and 2 years had higher FMI

at 2 years compared to those without. Infants in the present study had a lower FM% and FMI till 1 year of age in comparison to previous studies from other countries, but had an increase in

adiposity between 1 and 2 years, whereas in previous studies FM% remained stable or declined between 1 and 2 years of age. CONCLUSION There was an upward inflection in the curve of FM% and

FMI between 1 and 2 years of age in the present study, which may represent an early adiposity rebound. Further longitudinal body composition data for Indian infants as well as those of other

ethnicities but with low birth weight will clarify whether early accelerated growth pattern contributes to greater accrual of fat rather than lean mass during childhood. Access through your

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2016;11:264–71. Article  CAS  Google Scholar  Download references ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Sapna Khatak, Anuj Kumar, and Naveen Kumar for technical help with the acquisition of data. FUNDING

Department of Biotechnology, Government of India (Grant No. BT/PR3884/ Med97/03/2011 to VJ). AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of

Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India Vandana Jain & Brijesh Kumar * Department of Physiology and Nutrition, St. John’s Medical College, Bengaluru,

India Sarita Devi & Anura V. Kurpad * MBBS student, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India Avnika Jain * Department of Radiodiagnosis and Intervention Radiology, All India

Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India Manisha Jana Authors * Vandana Jain View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Brijesh Kumar View

author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Sarita Devi View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Avnika

Jain View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Manisha Jana View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

* Anura V. Kurpad View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CONTRIBUTIONS VJ conceived and supervised the study and drafted the manuscript, BK

helped with recruitment and follow-up of subjects, data collection, and analysis, SD performed the D2O assays and helped with their interpretation, AJ helped with data analysis and review of

literature, MJ supervised the DXA measurements, AK helped in planning the study, supervised the D2O assays, and critically revised the manuscript. All authors have given their inputs for

and approved the final manuscript. CORRESPONDING AUTHORS Correspondence to Vandana Jain or Anura V. Kurpad. ETHICS DECLARATIONS ETHICAL APPROVAL AIIMS Ethics Committee; No. IEC/NP-127/2012

and RP-21/2012, dated April 27, 2012. COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing interests. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PUBLISHER’S NOTE Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to

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deuterium dilution: Effect of being born small for gestational age and early catch-up growth. _Eur J Clin Nutr_ 76, 1165–1171 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-022-01071-z Download

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