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Head circumference was measured before and during hGH therapy in 14 children with IGHD (mean CA 6:10 and mean BA 1:6 yrs) and in 21 children with MPHD (mean CA 12:5 and mean BA 7:4 yrs). In
both groups there was a retardation in the growth of the neurocranium, with a mean SD - 2.7 in IGHD and of -1.3 in MPHD. In IGHD, initiation of hGH therapy before the age 5 and BA of 3 led
to a catch-up in cranial growth with normalization of the head size (m SD: -1.4). In older children the induction of head growth was similar to that achieved by the long bones but without
catch-up. In 3 adults with hereditary IGHD without therapy, the head circumference was below normal (-2.3, -3.2 and -4.4 SD). In view of the possible influence of GH on the development of
the brain and of the role played by the brain upon the growth of the cranium, the importance of early diagnosis and initiation of therapy in infants and young children with a deficiency of
GH is stressed.
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