Engineering of nanostructured carbon materials with electron or ion beams

ABSTRACT Irradiating solids with energetic particles is usually thought to introduce disorder, normally an undesirable phenomenon. But recent experiments on electron or ion irradiation of

various nanostructures demonstrate that it can have beneficial effects and that electron or ion beams may be used to tailor the structure and properties of nanosystems with high precision.

Moreover, in many cases irradiation can lead to self-organization or self-assembly in nanostructures. In this review we survey recent advances in the rapidly evolving area of irradiation

effects in nanostructured materials, with particular emphasis on carbon systems because of their technological importance and the unique ability of graphitic networks to reconstruct under

irradiation. We dwell not only on the physics behind irradiation of nanostructures but also on the technical applicability of irradiation for nanoengineering of carbon and other systems.

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Keinonen, A. S. Foster, J. Kotakoski, M. Sammalkorpi, J. X. Li, L. Sun, J. A. Rodríguez-Manzo, M. Terrones, P. M. Ajayan and other co-workers for many years of collaboration. The preparation

of this review was supported by the Academy of Finland through the Centre of Excellence program. Support from the DAAD and ETC (D05/51651) is gratefully acknowledged. AUTHOR INFORMATION

Author notes * F. Banhart Present address: Present address: Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourh, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue de loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France,

AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Accelerator Laboratory, P.O. Box 43, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland A. V. Krasheninnikov * Laboratory of Physics, P.O. Box 1100, FI-02015 Helsinki

University of Technology, Finland A. V. Krasheninnikov * Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Mainz, Mainz, D-55099, Germany F. Banhart Authors * A. V. Krasheninnikov View author

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