Identification of a human population infected with simian foamy viruses

ABSTRACT Studying the transmission of simian retroviruses to humans can help define the importance of these infections to public health. We identified a substantial prevalence (4/231, 1.8%)

of infection with simian foamy viruses (SFV) among humans occupationally exposed to nonhuman primates. Evidence of SFV infection included seropositivity, proviral DNA detection and isolation

of foamy virus. The infecting SFV originated from an African green monkey (one person) and baboons (three people). These infections have not as yet resulted in either disease or sexual

transmission, and may represent benign end point infections. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution ACCESS

OPTIONS Access through your institution Subscribe to this journal Receive 12 print issues and online access $209.00 per year only $17.42 per issue Learn more Buy this article * Purchase on

SpringerLink * Instant access to full article PDF Buy now Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout ADDITIONAL ACCESS OPTIONS: * Log in * Learn about

institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS INFLUENZA A VIRUS IS TRANSMISSIBLE VIA AEROSOLIZED FOMITES Article Open access

18 August 2020 SARS-COV-2 INFECTION AND TRANSMISSION IN THE NORTH AMERICAN DEER MOUSE Article Open access 14 June 2021 SARS-COV-2 IS TRANSMITTED VIA CONTACT AND VIA THE AIR BETWEEN FERRETS

Article Open access 08 July 2020 REFERENCES * Gessain, A., Gallo, R.C. & Franchini, G. Low degree of human T cell leukemia/lym-phoma virus type I genetic drift _in vivo_ as a means of

monitoring viral transmission and movement of ancient human populations. _J. Virol._ 66, 2288–2295 (1992). CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Switzer, W.M. _et al_. Phylogenetic

relationships and geographic distributions of multiple human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II subtypes. _J. Virol._ 69, 621–632 (1995). CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  *

Franchini, G. & Reitz, M.S. Phylogenesis and genetic complexity of the nonhuman primate retroviridae. _AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir._ 10, 1047–1060 (1994). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google

Scholar  * Myers, G., Maclnnes, K. & Korber, B. The emergence of simian/human immunodeficiency viruses. _AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir._ 8, 373–386 (1992). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar

  * Hooks, J.J. & Gibbs, C. The foamy viruses. _Bacteriol. Rev._ 39, 169–185 (1975). CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Neumann-Haefelin, D., Fleps, U., Renne, R. &

Schweizer, M. Foamy viruses. _Intervirology_ 35, 196–207 (1993). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Schweizer, M. _et al_. Markers of foamy virus infections in monkeys, apes, and

accidentally infected humans: appropriate testing fails to confirm suspected foamy virus prevalence in humans. _AIDS Res. & Hum. Retrov._ 11, 161–170 (1995). Article  CAS  Google Scholar

  * Schweizer, M. & Neumann-Haefelin, D. Phylogenetic analysis of primate foamy viruses by comparison of pol sequences. _Virology_ 207, 577–582 (1995). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google

Scholar  * Bieniascz, P.D _et al_. A comparative study of higher primate foamy viruses, including a new virus from a gorilla. _Virology_ 207, 217–228 (1995). Article  Google Scholar  *

McClure, M.O. _et al_. Isolation of a new foamy retrovirus from Orangutans. _J. Virol._ 68, 7124–7130 (1994). CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Herchenroder, O. _et al_.

Isolation, cloning, and sequencing of simian foamy viruses from chimpanzees (SFVcpz): high homology to human foamy virus (HFV). _Virology_ 201, 187–199 (1994). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google

Scholar  * Achong, B.G., Mansell, P.W.A., Epstein, M.A. & Cifford, P. An unusual virus in cultures from a human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. _J. Natl. Cancer Inst._ 46, 299–302 (1971). CAS

  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Ali, M. _et al_. No evidence of antibody to human foamy virus in widespread human populations. _AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir._ 12, 1473–1483 (1996). Article  CAS 

PubMed  Google Scholar  * Lerche, N.W., Yee, J.L. & Jennings, M.B. Establishing specific retrovirus-free breeding colonies of macaques: An approach to primary screening and surveillance.

_Lab. Animal Science_ 44, 217–221 (1994). CAS  Google Scholar  * Van Brussel, M., Goubau, P., Rousseau, R., Desmyter, J. & Vandamme, A.M. The genomic structure of a new simian

T-lymphotropic virus, STLV-PH969, differs from that of human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II. _J. Gen. Virol._ 77, 347–358 (1996). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Digilio, L. _et

al_. The simian T-lymphotropic /leukemia virus from Pan paniscus belongs to the type 2 family and infects Asian macaques. _J. Virol._ 71, 3684–3692 (1997). CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central 

Google Scholar  * Schweizer, M., Falcone, V., Gange, J., Turek, R. & Neumann-Haefelin, D. Simian foamy virus isolated from an accidently infected human individual. _J. Virol._ 71,

4821–24 (1997). CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Khabbaz, R.F. _et al_. Brief report: infection of a laboratory worker with simian immunodeficiency virus. _New Engl. J. Med._

330, 172–177 (1994). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Murphy, F.A. The public health risk of animal organ and tissue transplantation into humans. _Science_ 273, 7426–7427 (1996).

Article  Google Scholar  * Patience, C., Takeuchi, Y. & Weiss, R. Infection of human cells by an endogenous retrovirus of pigs. _Nature Med._ 3, 282 (1997). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google

Scholar  * Starzl, T.E. _et al_. Baboon-to-human liver transplantation. _Lancet_ 341, 65–71 (1993). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Rhodes-Feuillette, A., Saal, F.,

Lasneret, J., Dubouch, P. & Peries, J. Isolation of a new simian foamy virus serotype from lymphocytes of a Papio cynocephalus baboon. _J. Med. Primatol._ 8, 308–320 (1979). Article  CAS

  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Kaplan, J.E., & Khabbaz, R.F., The epidemiology of human T lymphotropic virus types I and II. _Rev. Med. Virol._ 3, 137–148 (1993). Article  Google Scholar  *

Holmberg, S.D. The estimated prevalence and incidence of HIV in 96 large US metropolitan areas. _Am J Public Health_ 86, 642–654 (1996). Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar

  * Sotir, M. _et al_. Risk of occupational exposure to potentially infectious nonhuman primate materials and to simian immunodeficiency virus. _J. Med. Primatol._ 26, 233–240 (1997).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Otsyula, M. _et al_. Prevalence of antibodies against simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and simian T-lymphotropic virus (STLV) in a colony of

non-human primates in Kenya, East Africa. _A. Trop. Med. Parasitol._ 90, 65–70 (1996). Article  CAS  Google Scholar  * Fultz, P.N., Gordon, T.P., Anderson, D. & McClure, H.M. Prevalence

of natural infection with simian immunodeficiency virus and simian T-cell leukemia virus type I in a breeding colony of sooty mangabey monkeys. _AIDS_ 4, 619–625 (1990). Article  CAS  PubMed

  Google Scholar  * Rudolph, D.L. _et al_. Serologic confirmation of simian T-lymphotropic virus type I infection by using immunoassays developed for human T-lymphotropic virus antibody

detection. _J. Clin. Microbiol._ 30, 858–61 (1992). CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Higgins, D.G. & Sharp, P.M. Clustal: a package for performing multiple sequence

alignments on a microcomputer. _Gene_ 73, 237–244 (1988). Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  * Kumar, S., Tamura, K. & Nei, M. _MEGA: Molecular evolutionary Genetics Analyses_,

version 1.0 (1993).Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa. USA. Google Scholar  * Heneine, W., Yamamoto, S., Switzer, W.M. & Folks, T.M. Detection of reverse transcriptase by

a highly sensitive assay in sera from individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1. _J. Inf. Dis._ 171, 1210–1216 (1995). Article  CAS  Google Scholar  * Yamamoto, S.,

Folks, T.M. & Heneine, W. Highly sensitive qualitative and quantitative detection of reverse transcriptase activity: Optimization, validation and comparative analysis with other

detection systems. _J. Vim. Methods_ 61, 135–143(1996). Article  CAS  Google Scholar  Download references AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * HIV and Retrovirology Branch, National

Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, 30333, USA Walid Heneine, William M. Switzer, Paul Sandstrom, Jennifer Brown, Shanmugam

Vedapuri, Louisa E. Chapman & Thomas M. Folks * Immunology and Diagnostics Branch, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia,

30333, USA Charles A. Schable * Laboratory ofRetrovirus Research, Center for Biologies Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA Arifa S. Khan

* Simian Retrovirus Laboratory, California Regional Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, 95616-8542, USA Nicholas W. Lerche * Department of Virology,

University of Freiburg, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany Matthias Schweizer & Dieter Neumann-Haefelin Authors * Walid Heneine View author publications You can also search for this author

inPubMed Google Scholar * William M. Switzer View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Paul Sandstrom View author publications You can also

search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Jennifer Brown View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Shanmugam Vedapuri View author

publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Charles A. Schable View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Arifa S.

Khan View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Nicholas W. Lerche View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google

Scholar * Matthias Schweizer View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Dieter Neumann-Haefelin View author publications You can also search for

this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Louisa E. Chapman View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Thomas M. Folks View author publications You

can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Heneine, W., Switzer, W., Sandstrom, P. _et al._

Identification of a human population infected with simian foamy viruses. _Nat Med_ 4, 403–407 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1038/nm0498-403 Download citation * Received: 13 January 1998 *

Accepted: 23 February 1998 * Issue Date: 01 April 1998 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nm0498-403 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this

content: Get shareable link Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative