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CARBON exhibits a unique ability to form a wide range of structures. In an inert atmosphere it condenses to form hollow, spheroidal fullerenes1–4. Carbon deposited on the hot tip of the
cathode of the arc-discharge apparatus used for bulk fullerene synthesis will form nested graphitic tubes and polyhedral particles5–8. Electron irradiation of these nanotubes and polyhedra
transforms them into nearly spherical carbon 'onions'9. We now report that covaporizing carbon and cobalt in an arc generator leads to the formation of carbon nanotubes which all have very
small diameters (about 1.2 nm) and walls only a single atomic layer thick. The tubes form a web-like deposit woven through the fullerene-containing soot, giving it a rubbery texture. The
uniformity and single-layer structure of these nanotubes should make it possible to test their properties against theoretical predictions10–13.
C. H. Kiang: Affiliated with the Materials and Molecular Simulation Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California, 95120-6099, USA
D. S. Bethune, C. H. Kiang, M. S. de Vries, G. Gorman, R. Savoy, J. Vazquez & R. Beyers
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