Improvement of plant survival and expediting acclimatization process

* Ahmed, S., A. Sharma, B. Bhushan, V.K. Wali, P. Bakshi, and A.K. Singh. 2014. Studies on hardening and acclimatization of micropropagated plantlets of Banana cv. Grand Naine. _The Bioscan_

9 (3): 965–967. Google Scholar  * Akin-Idowu, P.E., D.O. Ibitoye, and O.T. Ademoyegun. 2009. Tissue culture as a plant production technique for horticultural crops. _African Journal of

Biotechnology_ 8: 3782–3788. Google Scholar  * Al-Ani, L.K.T. 2019. Secondary metabolites of nonpathogenic _fusarium_ spp.; scope in agriculture. In _Secondary metabolites of plant growth

promoting rhizomicroorganisms: Discovery and applications_, ed. H.B. Singh, C. Keswani, M.S. Reddy, E.S. Royano, and C. García-Estrada, 125–143. Singapore: Springer. Chapter  Google Scholar

  * Amara, U., R. Khalid, and R. Hayat. 2015. Soil bacteria and phytohormones for sustainable crop production in bacterial metabolites in sustainable agroecosystem. In _Sustainable

development and biodiversity_, ed. D.K. Maheshwari, vol. Vol. 12, 87–103. Cham: Springer. Google Scholar  * Amaregouda, A., M.B. Chetti, P.M. Salimath, and S.S. Kulkarni. 1994. Effect of

antitranspirants on stomatal resistance and frequency, relative water content and pod yield in summer groundnut (_Arachis hypogaea_ L.). _Annual Review of Plant Physiology_ 8: 18–23. Google

Scholar  * Asayesh, Z.M., K. Vahdatia, S. Aliniaeifard, and N. Askarib. 2017. Enhancement of ex vitro acclimation of walnut plantlets through modification of stomatal characteristics in

vitro. _Scientia Horticulturae_ 220: 114–121. Article  Google Scholar  * Aswath, C., and M.L. Choudhury. 2002. Mass propagation of gerbera (_Gerbera jamesonii_) through shoot culture.

_Indian Journal of Horticulture_ 59: 95–99. Google Scholar  * Ba, A.M., A.G. Diedhiou, Y. Prin, A. Galiana, and R. Duponnois. 2010. Management of ectomycorrhizal symbionts associated to

useful exotic tree species to improve reforestation programme performances in tropical Africa. _Annals of Forest Science_ 67: 1–9. Article  Google Scholar  * Bezerra, G.A., A.V.M.D. Gabriel,

E.D. Mariano, and J.C. Cardoso. 2020. In vitro culture and greenhouse acclimatization of _Oncidium varicosum_ (Orchidaceae) with microorganisms isolated from its roots. _Ornamental

Horticulture_ 25: 407–416. Article  Google Scholar  * Bolar, J.P., J.L. Norelli, and H.S. Aldwinckle. 1998. An efficient method of rooting and acclimatization of micropropagated apple

cultivars. _HortScience_ 33: 1251–1252. Article  Google Scholar  * Chen, M., M. Arato, L. Borghi, E. Nouri, and D. Reinhardt. 2018. Beneficial services of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: From

ecology to application. _Frontiers in Plant Science_ 9: 1270. Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Dev, R., S.K. Singh, V. Dayal, K. Kumar, and T. Singh. 2019. Standardization

of in vitro hardening strategies for tissue cultured wine grape (_Vitis vinifera_ L) genotypes. _International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences_ 8: 2108–2117. Article 

CAS  Google Scholar  * Diez, J., J.L. Manjon, G.M. Kovacs, C. Celestino, and M. Toribio. 2000. Mycorrhization of vitroplants raised from somatic embryos of cork oak (_Quercus suber_ L.).

_Applied Soil Ecology_ 15: 119–123. Article  Google Scholar  * Digat, B., P. Brochard, V. Hermelin, and M. Tozet. 1987. Interest of bacterized synthetic substrates MILCAP for in vitro

culture. _Acta Horticulturae_ 212: 375–378. Article  Google Scholar  * Di-Gaudio, A.V., E. Tubert, L.E. Laino, J.M. Chaín, S.I. Pitta-Alvarez, and G. Amodeo. 2020. New and rapid

micropropagation protocol for _Eucalyptus_ grandis hill ex maiden. _Forest Systems_ 29 (1): eSCO4. Article  Google Scholar  * Douglas, G.C., C.B. Rutledge, A.D. Casey, and D.H.S. Richardson.

1989. Micropropagation of floribunda ground cover and miniature roses. _Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture_ 19: 55–64. Article  Google Scholar  * Elmeskaoui, A., J. Damont, M. Poulin, Y.

Piche, and Y. Desjardins. 1995. A tripartite culture system for endomycorrhizal inoculation of micropropagated strawberry plantlets in vitro. _Mycorrhiza_ 5: 313–319.

https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00207403. Article  Google Scholar  * Enebak, S.A., G. Wei, and J.W. Kloepper. 1998. Effects of plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria on loblolly and slash pine

seedlings. _Forest Science_ 44: 139–144. Google Scholar  * Hazarika, B.N., V.A. Parthasarathy, and V. Nagaraju. 2000a. Paclobutrazol induced biochemical changes in microshoots of citrus

species. _Folia Horticulturae_ 12: 69–77. Google Scholar  * ———. 2000b. Effect of reduced humidity and antitranspirants in acclimatizing micropropagated citrus plantlets. _Agrotropica_ 12:

163–166. Google Scholar  * ———. 2001. Influence of in vitro preconditioning of citrus microshoots with paclobutrazol on ex vitro survival. _Acta Botanica Croatica_ 60: 25–29. CAS  Google

Scholar  * Hazarika, B.N., J.A. Teixeira da Silva, and J. Talukdar. 2006. Effective acclimatization of in vitro cultured plants: Methods, physiology and genetics. In _Floriculture,

ornamental and plant biotechnology_, vol. Vol. II. UK: Global Science Books. Google Scholar  * Hronkova, M., H. Zahradnickova, M. Simkova, P. Simek, and A. Heydova. 2003. The role of

abscisic acid in acclimation of plants cultivated in vitro to ex vitro conditions. _Biologia Plantarum_ 46: 535–541. Article  CAS  Google Scholar  * Kozai, T. 1988. High technology in

protected cultivation from environmental control engineering point of view. In _Horticulture in high technology era_, 1–43. Tokyo: Special Lecture. Google Scholar  * Kozai, T., Oki, H.,

Fujiwara, K., 1987. Effect of CO2 enrichment and sucrose concentration under high photosynthetic photon fluxes on growth of tissue cultured cymbidium plantlet during the preparation stage in

plant micropropagation in horticulture industries. In: Ducate G, Jacobs M, Simpson A (eds) Proc. Symp. Plant micropropagation in horticultural industries. Arlon, University Press, Liege,

Belgium, pp. 135–141. Google Scholar  * Kumar, K., A.S. Dhatt, and M.I.S. Gill. 2001. In vitro plant regeneration in kinnow mandarin (_Citrus nobilis_). _Indian Journal of Horticulture_ 58:

299–302. Google Scholar  * Leshem, B. 1983. Growth of carnation meristem in vitro: Anatomical structure of abnormal plantlets and the effect of agar concentration in the media in their

formation. _Annals of Botany_ 52: 413–415. Article  Google Scholar  * Lubraco, G., A. Schubert, and A. Previati. 2000. Micropropagation and mycorrhization of _Allium sativum_. _Acta

Horticulturae_ 530: 339–344. Article  Google Scholar  * Martins, A. 2008. In _In vitro mycorrhization of micropropagated plants: Studies on Castanea sativa mill in mycorrhizae: Sustainable

agriculture and forestry_, ed. Z.A. Siddiqui, M.S. Akhtar, and K. Futai, 321–336. Dordrecht: Springer. Chapter  Google Scholar  * Mehta, U.J., K.V. Krishnamurthy, and S. Hazra. 2000.

Regeneration of plants via adventitious bud formation from zygotic embryo axis of tamarind (_Tamarindus indica_ L.). _Current Science_ 78: 123–1234. Google Scholar  * Misra, P., and S.K.

Dutta. 2001. Acclimatization of Asiatic hybrid lilies under stress condition after propagation through tissue culture. _Current Science_ 81: 153–1533. Google Scholar  * Molla, M.M.H., M.D.

Khanam, M.M. Khatun, M.A. Amin, and M.A. Malek. 2004. In vitro rooting and ex vitro plantlet establishment of Bari Banana 1 (_Musa_ sp.) as influenced by different concentration of IBA

(Indole-3-butyric acid). _Asian Journal of Plant Sciences_ 3: 196–199. Article  Google Scholar  * Morte, M.A., A. Cano, M. Honrubia, and P. Torres. 1994. In vitro mycorrhization of

micropropagated _Helianthemum almeriense_ plantlets with _Terfezia claveryi_ (desert truffle). _Agricultural and Food Science_ 3: 309–314. Article  Google Scholar  * Murphy, J., L. Mark, C.

Periappuram, C. Walsh, and A.C. Cassells. 1997. Microbial characterisation and preparation of inoculum for in vitro mycorrhization of strawberry in autotrophic culture. In _Pathogen and

microbial contamination management in micropropagation_, ed. A.L. Cassells, 345–350. Dordrecht: Kluwer Acad. Pub. Google Scholar  * Nguyen, Q.T., T. Kozai, J. Heo, and D.X. Thai. 2001.

Photoautotrophic growth response of in vitro cultured coffee plantlets to ventilation methods and photosynthetic photon fluxes under carbon dioxide enriched conditions. _Plant Cell, Tissue

and Organ Culture_ 66: 217–225. Article  Google Scholar  * Niemi, K., and C. Scagel. 2007. In _Root induction of Pinus sylvestris L. hypocotyl cuttings using specific ectomycorrhizal fungi

in vitro in protocols for micropropagation of woody trees and fruits_, ed. S.M. Jain and H. Häggman. Dordrecht: Springer. Google Scholar  * Nowak, J. 1998. Benefits of in vitro “biotization”

of plant tissue cultures with microbial inoculants. _In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology. Plant_ 34: 122–130. Article  Google Scholar  * Nowak, J., S. Bensalim, C.D. Smith, C.

Dunbar, S.K. Asiedu, A. Madani, G. Lazarovits, D. Northcott, and A.V. Sturz. 1999. Behaviour of plant material issued from in vitro bacterization. _Potato Research_ 42: 505–519. Article 

Google Scholar  * Paula, M.A., V.M. Reis, and J. Dobereiner. 1991. Interactions of _Glomus clarum_ with _Acetobacter diazotrophicus_ in infection of sweet potato (_Ipomoea batatas_),

sugarcane (_Saccharum spp_.), and sweet sorghum (_Sorghum vulgare)_. _Biology and Fertility of Soils_ 11: 111–115. Article  Google Scholar  * Pospisilova, J., H. Synkova, D. Haisel, and S.

Semoradova. 2007. Acclimation of plantlets to ex vitro conditions: Effects of air humidity, irradiance, CO2 concentration and abscisic acid. _Acta Horticulturae_ 748: 29–38. Article  CAS 

Google Scholar  * Quatrini, P., M. Gentile, F. Carimi, F.D. Pasquale, and A.M. Puglia. 2003. Effect of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and _Glomus mosseae_ on acclimatization and

development of micropropagated _Citrus limon_ (L.) Burm. _The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology_ 78: 39–45. Article  Google Scholar  * Rao, N.K.S. 1985. The effect of

antitranspirants on stomatal opening, proline and relative water content in tomato. _Journal of Horticultural Sciences_ 61: 369–372. Google Scholar  * Rout, G.R., B.K. Debata, and P. Das.

1989a. In vitro mass-scale propagation of Rosa hybrida cv Landora. _Current Science_ 58: 876–878. Google Scholar  * ———. 1989b. Micropropagation of Rosa hybrida cv. Queen Elizabeth through

in vitro culture of axillary buds. _The Orissa Journal of Horticulture_ 16: 1–9. Google Scholar  * Sahay, N.S., and A. Varma. 2000. A biological approach towards increasing the rates of

survival of micropropagated plants. _Current Science_ 78: 126–129. Google Scholar  * Selvapandiyan, A., J. Subramani, P.N. Bhatt, and A.R. Mehta. 1988. A simple method for direct

transplantation of cultured plants to the field. _Plant Science_ 56: 81–83. Article  Google Scholar  * Shimada, N., F. Danka, and T. Kozai. 1988. Effect of low oxygen concentration on net

photosynthesis of C3 plantlets in vitro. _Acta Horticulturae_ 230: 171–187. Article  Google Scholar  * Short, K.C., J. Warburton, and A.V. Roberts. 1987. _In vitro_ hardening of cultured

cauliflower and chrysanthemum to humidity. _Acta Horticulturae_ 212: 329–340. Article  Google Scholar  * Smith, E.F., A.V. Roberts, J. Mottley, and S. Denness. 1991. The preparation in vitro

of chrysanthemum for transplantation to soil. _Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture_ 27: 309–313. Article  Google Scholar  * Soares, B.D.O., and V.S. Miranda. 2016. Rooting _in vitro_ and

ex vitro acclimatization of citrus cultivars. _Revista de Ciencias Agrarias/Amazonian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences_ 59 (2): 144–151. Google Scholar  * Soumare, A., A.G.

Diedhiou, N.K. Arora, L.K.T. Al-Ani, M. Ngom, S. Fall, M. Hafidi, Y. Ouhdouch, L. Kouisni, and M.O. Sy. 2021. Potential role and utilization of plant growth promoting microbes in plant

tissue culture. _Frontiers in Microbiology_ 12: 649878. Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Streletskii, R.A., A.V. Kachalkin, A.M. Glushakova, A.M. Yurkov, and V.V. Demin.

2019. Yeasts producing zeatin. _PeerJ_ 7: 6474. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6474. Article  CAS  Google Scholar  * Tanaka, K., K. Fujiwara, and T. Kozai. 1992. Effects of relative humidity

in the culture vessel on the transpiration and net photosynthetic rates of potato plantlets in vitro. _Acta Horticulturae_ 319 (3): 59–64. Article  Google Scholar  * Teixeira da Silva, J.A.,

D.T.T. Giang, and M. Tanaka. 2006. Novel photoautotrophic micropropagation of _Spathiphyllum_. _Photosynthetica_ 44 (1): 53–61. Article  Google Scholar  * Thomas, P., and M.B. Ravindra.

2002. Use of natural acclimatizing environments for the ex vitro establishment of micropropagated grapes (_Vitis vinifera_ L.). _Tropical Agriculture_ 79: 182–185. Google Scholar  *

Uzaribara, E., H. Ansari, V. Nachegowda, A. Taj, and B.N. Sathyanarayana. 2015. Acclimatization of in vitro propagated red banana (_Musa acuminata_) plantlets. _Bioscan_ 10: 221–224. Google

Scholar  * Varma, A., and H. Schuepp. 1994. Infectivity and effectiveness of _glomus intraradices_ in micropropagated plants. _Mycorrhiza_ 5: 29–37. Article  Google Scholar  * Vosatka, M.,

M. Gryndler, J. Jansa, and M. Vohnik. 2000. Post vitro mycorrhization and bacterization of micropropagated strawberry, potato and azalea. _Acta Horticulturae_ 530: 313–324. Article  Google

Scholar  * Voyiatzis, D.G., and G.H. McGranahan. 1994. An improved method for acclimatizing tissue cultured walnut plantlets using an antitranspirant. _HortScience_ 29: 42. Article  Google

Scholar  * Wainwright, H., and J. Scrace. 1989. Influence of _in vitro_ conditioning with carbohydrates during rooting of microcuttings on in vivo establishment. _Scientia Horticulturae_ 38:

261–267. Article  CAS  Google Scholar  * Wang, S.Y., and G.L. Steffens. 1987. Effect of paclobutrazol on water stress induced abscisic acid in apple seedlings leaves. _Plant Physiology_ 84:

1051–1054. Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar  * Wardle, K., A. Quinlan, and I. Simpkins. 1979. Abscisic acid and the regulation of water loss in plantlets of _Brasicca

oleraceae_ L. var. _botrytis_ regenerated through apical meristem culture. _Annals of Botany_ 43: 745–752. Article  CAS  Google Scholar  * Zakharchenko, N.S., V.V. Kochetkov, Y.I. Buryanov,

and A.M. Boronin. 2011. Effect of rhizosphere bacteria _Pseudomonas aureofaciens_ on the resistance of micropropagated plants to phytopathogens. _Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology_ 47:

661–666. Article  CAS  Google Scholar  * Zein El Din, A.F.M., M.F.M. Ibrahim, F. Reham, H.G. Abd El-Gawad, A. El-Banhawy, I.A. Alaraidh, Y.M. Rashad, L. Islam, A. Abou El-Yazied, A.

Elkelish, and O.H. Abd Elbar. 2020. Influence of polyethylene glycol on leaf anatomy, stomatal behaviour, water loss, and some physiological traits of date palm plantlets grown in vitro and

ex vitro. _Plants_ 9: 1440. Article  CAS  Google Scholar