Common causes of lower back pain: posture, sleep, diet

While nearly half of healthy, active people over age 60 experience lower back pain, according to a 2018 study published in the _Journal of the American Geriatrics Society_, such flare-ups

aren’t necessarily an inevitable feature of aging. Every day, seemingly innocuous habits (hunching over your computer while reading this, anyone?) can trigger the pain, says Joel Press,

physiatrist-in-chief at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York City. YOU SIT ALL DAY Getty Images “The more you sit the more pressure you put on the cushioned discs between the bones

in your back,” says Press. But that doesn’t mean you’re doomed if you have a desk job. “Every 30 minutes, get up and walk around,” Press advises. This will squeeze fluid out of your discs,

helping to head off  pain . If you’re game, consider investing in a sit-stand desk. According to a 2018 University of Pittsburgh study published in the journal _Occupational &

Environmental Medicine_, folks with chronic low back pain reduced their self-rated pain and disability by 50 percent using a sit-stand desk and taking movement breaks. YOU HOLD ALL YOUR

EMOTIONS IN If you keep a stiff upper lip, your back may pay for it. People who shut down or “ stonewall ” during a fight with their partner are at higher risk of developing back pain,

according to a 2016 study published in the journal _Emotion._ One reason may be that those who are upset or anxious are more likely to tense back muscles. In general, “if someone is

depressed or anxious,” says anaesthesiologist Yury Khelemsky, a pain specialist at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City, “they will have a worse experience

of a pain signal than someone who is in a great mood, with great coping skills and social support.” What might work out such kinks? Taking up meditation or yoga. People with chronic back

pain who participated in a combination of mindfulness meditation and yoga for eight weeks reported significant improvements in back pain, according to a 2016 study published in the medical

journal _JAMA_. YOU’RE SLEEPING ON THE WRONG MATTRESS A medium firm mattress, as opposed to a very firm mattress, appears to be best for your back, according to a 2015 review published in

the medical journal _Sleep Health_. But perhaps even more important than the firmness of your mattress is how old it is. When a mattress is past its prime, it may become soft and lumpy,

which can cause your back to contort as it tries to adjust to sinking in, says Press. Experts recommend changing your mattress as often as every seven years, and immediately if it’s showing

signs of wear such as sagging or holes. Getty Images YOU HAVE A POOR DIET There’s some thought that an anti-inflammatory diet — one that’s rich in fruits, vegetables, lean protein such as

fish and chicken, and healthy fats such as nuts and olive oil — may help tamp down inflammation in the body that can worsen chronic pain, including back pain, Press says. But eating this

sort of healthy fare may also reduce your back pain simply because it can lead to weight loss.  “Even losing just five pounds can take a load off your spine,” Press explains. Indeed, studies

have found that those with a high BMI (body mass index) have a higher risk of developing back pain.